Nasa hat blue12/10/2023 This current is very turbulent, producing eddies - swirling vortices of water similar to storms in the atmosphere - between 30 to 125 miles (50 to 200 kilometers) in diameter. It is one of the most significant ocean currents in our climate system because it facilitates the exchange of heat and other properties among the oceans it links.īut how the current transfers heat, particularly vertically from the top layer of the ocean to the bottom layers and vice versa, is still not fully understood. The most recent paper describing SPT2215 is published in the Astrophysical Journal.The Antarctic Circumpolar Current flows in a loop around Antarctica, connecting the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. "Adding distant objects like this to our sample of relaxed clusters allows us to better constrain the acceleration of the cosmic expansion and the properties of the dark energy that drives it." "Relaxed clusters like SPT2215 are one of the signposts that have been used to measure the expansion of the universe," Stanford University researcher said Adam Mantz, who first reported SPT2215's relaxed status using Chandra data in 2022. They could help scientists gauge the expansion of the universe and the effect of dark energy, a mysterious force accelerating that expansion. Do fabled 'dark stars' actually exist? James Webb Space Telescope spots 3 candidatesĪnd one day, observations of these relaxed early galaxies could be key in understanding a pressing cosmic mystery. Bizarre 'slow' neutron star challenges our theories about dead stars Strange two-faced dying star 'Janus' baffles scientists in cosmic oddity But despite the puzzling nature of this observation, it does conform with some recent findings from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), which indicate an unexpectedly large amount of galaxies forming and maturing in the young universe. Quite how this galactic cluster became relaxed just 5.3 billion years after the Big Bang while other clusters were smashing together and undergoing tumultuous growth is still a mystery. This is significant because it implies that SPT2215 has not merged with another galactic cluster for at least a billion years. There are no bright or elongated galaxies around it for around 600,000 light-years. The central galaxy of SPT2215 is also notable for its isolation from other galaxies in the cluster. This is another way SPT2215 differs from most relaxed galactic clusters seen by Chandra, which have black holes that are active, preventing gas from cooling and thus putting a cap on star formation. On the flip side, when black holes are inactive, gas and dust can cool and come together, forming large "clumps" that can collapse and birth stars. This whole region emits a huge amount of energy, and that energy heats galactic gas and dust, thus preventing the materials from clumping. When supermassive black holes are active, and feed on material that surrounds them in a thin, circular structure called an accretion disk. Although, the quiet nature of this cosmic titan significantly affects its host galaxy. Sitting at the heart of the cluster SPT2215 is a supermassive black hole with a relaxed vibe that reflects its wider surroundings. In addition to its "relaxed nature," the astronomers behind the discovery also noted other characteristics about the cluster, including the supermassive black hole that sits at its center.
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